How does China build an intercontinental aviation hub?
Aviation hubs are urban complexes and circulation intersections that create connections. As the most international pioneer, after more than 20 years of continuous construction, the infrastructure scale, base airline capabilities, and international competitive position of my country's super-large aviation hub have been significantly upgraded, which also embodies the fruitful results of building a transportation power. In the post-epidemic era, on the new journey of Chinese-style modernization, the high-quality development of my country's super-large aviation hubs is facing a series of new situations and new tasks.
Hub: the core function of carrying important power sources
The dialectics of regional coordinated development gives civil aviation new ideas. The fifth meeting of the 19th Central Financial and Economic Commission pointed out that the spatial structure of my country's economic development is undergoing profound changes, and central cities and urban agglomerations are becoming the main spatial forms carrying development elements. We cannot simply require all regions to reach the same level of economic development. Instead, we must follow the path of rational division of labor and optimized development based on the conditions of each region. Imbalance is common, and relative balance must be promoted in development.
The major regional strategic layout has given civil aviation a new pattern. In 2021, the "14th Five-Year Plan and Outline of Long-term Goals for 2035" reviewed and approved by the Fourth Session of the 13th National People's Congress pointed out that it is necessary to conform to the changing trend of spatial structure, optimize the layout of major infrastructure, major productivity and public resources, and develop An important source of power for high-quality development, and for the first time, it was clearly pointed out that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should be focused on improving innovation source capabilities and global resource allocation capabilities, and accelerating the creation of the first echelon leading high-quality development.
The strategic positioning of global cities gives new momentum to civil aviation. In 2023, a unified national land and space planning system will be overall formed, and the provincial 2035 draft land and space planning, which reflects the national will and national development plan, has been submitted to the State Council. Among them, the 2035 urban master plans of Beijing and Shanghai were approved and released by the central government as early as the end of 2017. They clearly stated that efforts should be made to improve urban functions, ensure that service guarantee capabilities are consistent with the city's strategic positioning, and strive to build outstanding global cities and socialist modernization International metropolis.
The comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network gives civil aviation new advantages. In 2021, in order to support the construction of the "National 123 Travel Transportation Circle" and the "Global 123 Express Cargo Logistics Circle", the "National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network Planning Outline" clearly states that it must rely on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, etc. A world-class city cluster to create a globally competitive international aviation hub. Among them, regional transportation integration such as "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on Orbit", "Yangtze River Delta on Orbit" and "Greater Bay Area on Orbit" have provided broad hinterland support and convenient collection and distribution for my country to build a world-class aviation hub. system.
Connections: Breaking through intercontinental transit in Northeast Asia
As the core platform supporting important power sources, super-large aviation hubs such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are facing both development opportunities in the new journey and high-quality competition challenges. Especially in the intercontinental transfer market in Northeast Asia, after three years of severe impact from the COVID-19 epidemic, compared with the super large aviation hubs in neighboring countries such as Incheon, South Korea, and Tokyo Airport in Japan, it shows "three ahead and three behind" "The phased characteristics of the industry require urgent improvements in quality and increment, and upgrades to break through.
The throughput scale is at the front and the connectivity index is at the back. In terms of passenger and cargo volume, at the end of 2019, Beijing Capital Airport ranked second in the world in passenger volume for 10 consecutive years, and Shanghai Pudong Airport ranked third in the world in cargo and mail volume for 12 consecutive years. From the perspective of both passengers and cargo, only two airports in the world, Shanghai Pudong and Dubai, United Arab Emirates, are ranked among the top 10 in terms of passenger volume and the top 10 in cargo and mail volume. However, from the perspective of global connectivity, in the 2019 OAG Super Hub International Connectivity Index report, Shanghai Pudong Airport ranked 25th, Guangzhou Baiyun Airport ranked 33rd, and Beijing Capital Airport ranked 36th. The rankings of my country's three major hubs obviously depend on back. It is particularly worth noting that the surrounding Incheon Airport in South Korea ranks 11th and Tokyo Haneda Airport ranks 22nd, both of which are higher than the rankings of my country's three major hubs. Incheon Airport in South Korea, in particular, can be said to be the youngest comprehensive mega aviation hub in the world and deserves key benchmarking and attention.
The carrier is at the front in terms of scale and the main base is at the bottom. As my country's three major super carriers, Air China, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines have entered the top 10 in the world in terms of capacity, volume and other scale indicators. However, from the perspective of main base market share, the situation is different. The OAG research report shows that the average market share of main base airlines in the world's 50 mega hubs exceeds 45%, both before and after the epidemic. Among them, the average in Europe, North America, the Middle East and Africa is more than 50%, but the average in the Asia-Pacific region is only 29%. CIRIUM's punctuality report shows that before the epidemic, the departure punctuality rates of my country's three large aviation hubs all remained at around 90%, ranking high. However, the 2023 Global Logistics Performance Index report released by the World Bank shows that the average length of stay of my country's air cargo imports is 2.5 days, ranking 66th among 100 statistical objects in the world, which is the same as South Korea's 1 day, Japan's 1.8 days, Compared with 1.2 days in the United States and 1 day in the United Kingdom, there is still much room for improvement in the level of customs clearance facilitation at my country's air ports.
Path: Strategic support for building a hub community
The intercontinental competition for the world's largest aviation hubs is not only a competition for the international market, but also a competition for national strategies. The refined operation of an effective market and the comprehensive policies of a competent government are indispensable.
It is necessary to closely follow the national strategy and highlight the policy orientation of the first echelon. From the "new power source" of Beijing Daxing Airport to the "important power source" proposed for the first time in the national "14th Five-Year Plan" outline, the status and role of aviation hubs in the economy of major countries have been fully reflected. The high-quality development of my country's civil aviation must fully utilize the ideological essence of regional coordinated development dialectics, and implement global benchmarking, classified promotion, and comprehensive policies from the source of core policies to promote industry development. For example, we can implement the concept of "new nationwide system" first proposed in the outline of the country's "14th Five-Year Plan", and further study and introduce it from the perspective of top-level national policies based on the strategic model of "national laboratories" and "world-class demonstration enterprises". The "National Aviation Hub" or "World-Class Demonstration Hub" construction plan will coordinate regional relationships, central-regional relations, military-civilian relations, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Air China, China Eastern Airlines, China Southern Airlines, etc., and further clarify the first priority that carries regional major strategies. Positioning as an echelon hub of powerful countries, participating in global competition and cooperation as the first echelon hub of powerful countries, and taking the lead in building 1 to 2 comprehensive intercontinental transshipment centers with global competitiveness to seize the top comprehensive node of the global aviation hub network.
It is necessary to stick closely to core functions and optimize resource support for global connections. As the youngest global super aviation hub, the construction practice of passenger hub and cargo hub at Incheon Airport in South Korea shows that resource support involving central authority and hub function as the core is one of the keys to building the core competitiveness of intercontinental transit. The high-quality development of my country's civil aviation must further focus on optimizing the strategic allocation of key resources such as airspace, traffic rights, and time slots from the strategic perspective of supporting "national hubs" and strengthening "intercontinental transit" to avoid weakening the country's overall competitiveness due to fierce internal competition. , and eventually became a "hub" for using one's own "hinterland" to achieve success for others. At the same time, in terms of port business environment construction, it is necessary to make full use of pilot projects to align with international high-standard economic and trade rules, promote institutional opening, coordinate a series of supports and guarantees such as rules, processes, information, and personnel involved in customs clearance timeliness, and strengthen international air cargo transportation. Capacity building ensures that the "fast characteristics" of super large freight hubs truly become the "fast advantages".
It is necessary to closely adhere to scenario innovation and promote intelligent empowerment of operation quality. After three years of epidemic prevention and control, Shanghai Port at its peak handled 62% of the country's inbound flights, 53% of inbound air passengers, and 46% of imported cold chain goods. As one of the only two comprehensive hub airports in the world with annual passenger and cargo and mail throughput ranking in the top 10, Shanghai Pudong Airport has not only made important contributions to stabilizing the global supply chain, but also enhanced the security of traffic in complex scenarios. maintain smooth capabilities, and fully realize the extreme importance and urgency of wisdom empowerment. Civil aviation is an industry with a high degree of informatization. It is also an industry that updates its informatization methods quickly and is highly dependent on information technology. This was true before the epidemic and even more so after the epidemic. For example, during the current industry recovery, the shortage of front-line operators at hub airports will surely further promote the acceleration of smart construction and artificial intelligence applications in hub airports. The high-quality development of my country's civil aviation must give full play to the scenario advantages of super-large aviation hubs, further concentrate on integrating and upgrading a number of key common technology platforms, and support the first-tier powerful hubs to jointly build civil aviation national industrial innovations with universities, institutions and upstream and downstream enterprises in the industry. Center to comprehensively improve the operation quality of super large aviation hubs and comprehensively create new advantages for high-quality development.
Customized Solar high intensity obstruction light B type,Customized Solar medium intensity obstruction light B type,
Solar high intensity obstruction light B type manufacturers,Solar medium intensity obstruction light B type manufacturers.
It is necessary to closely adhere to sustainable development and achieve green and low-carbon collaborative governance. The Dutch Schiphol Group has always adhered to the strategic positioning of "sustainable, high-quality leader" and publicly committed to a package of arrangements from vision to route. In 2019, Schiphol Group released the "Vision 2050" master plan, the Schiphol roadmap to "create the world's most sustainable airport", including three cornerstones (network quality, life quality, service quality) and two key factors (security, organize). The high-quality development of my country's civil aviation must closely adhere to the national "double carbon" strategy, fully draw on the practical experience of pioneers in green civil aviation construction, take the lead in establishing a collaborative governance mechanism between airports and airport areas, and gradually establish a market-oriented adjustment mechanism through the continuous release of airport strategic roadmaps. , to mobilize the interest community including airlines, passengers and other users to actively implement green actions to achieve the role transformation from "city airport" to "airport city".
In short, a strong hub means strong civil aviation. The world's largest aviation hubs have never grown naturally. Whether they are century-old gateways in Europe and the United States or emerging forces in the Middle East, they are no exception. Accelerating the creation of a first-tier hub of powerful countries is the mission of the pioneers of Chinese-style modernization. It is also the strategic competition of global hubs in the post-epidemic era. It requires top-level design and grass-roots promotion, and more importantly, unity and long-term success. (The author is Zhang Yue of Shanghai Airport Group, the original article was published in China Civil Aviation News)
